XY-PT-⊘15ABMG 15mm Crimp perfume fine mist pump sprayer short type

How to design the atomization aperture of the 15mm crimp perfume fine mist pump short nozzle to achieve the best effect?

As the core component of perfume packaging, the atomization effect of the 15mm crimp perfume fine mist pump short nozzle directly affects the user's experience of perfume use and product texture. As a key parameter that determines the atomization effect, the atomization aperture needs to be comprehensively designed in combination with multi-dimensional factors such as fluid mechanics, material properties, and usage scenarios to achieve the best effect of "uniform fine mist, stable spray, and moderate fragrance retention".

1. Design of basic aperture parameters based on fluid mechanics

The essence of atomization is that when a liquid passes through a tiny aperture under pressure, it interacts with the air shear force due to the sharp increase in flow rate to form dispersed droplet particles. For the 15mm crimp short nozzle, the aperture design must first meet the core demand of "fine mist" - usually the droplet diameter of a high-quality perfume nozzle needs to be controlled between 5-30μm. Too coarse will lead to uneven spray and too strong fragrance retention. Too fine will easily evaporate quickly due to too light droplets, shortening the fragrance retention time.
From the perspective of fluid mechanics, the aperture and droplet diameter are positively correlated, but not linearly. Experimental data show that when the aperture is in the range of 0.1-0.3mm, the droplet diameter can be stabilized in the ideal range of 10-20μm: when the aperture is less than 0.1mm, although finer droplets can be formed, it is easy to cause blockage due to excessive surface tension of the liquid, especially the essential oil components contained in perfume may remain in the aperture and crystallize; when the aperture is greater than 0.3mm, the droplet diameter will exceed 30μm, and "water column" or "large droplet splashing" phenomenon will occur, destroying the delicate feeling of the spray. Therefore, the atomization aperture of the 15mm short nozzle is recommended to be based on the range of 0.15-0.25mm, and then fine-tuned according to specific needs.
At the same time, the aspect ratio of the aperture (the ratio of the aperture length to the diameter) needs to match the pump pressure. The short nozzle has a compact structure, a short pump stroke, and relatively limited pressure, and the aspect ratio is usually controlled between 2:1-3:1. If the aspect ratio is too large (such as more than 4:1), the resistance of the liquid passing through the aperture will increase significantly, which may lead to insufficient spray force and intermittent mist; if the aspect ratio is too small (such as less than 1:1), the liquid flow rate is too fast, and the droplets are prone to "sputtering" due to excessive kinetic energy, and cannot form a concentrated spray area.

2. Aperture layout design matching the crimp structure

The 15mm crimp design is characterized by quick connection with the perfume bottle mouth through the snap, compact structure and need to adapt to portable scenes, so the aperture layout needs to be compatible with the stability and sealing of the crimp structure.
From the perspective of structural mechanics, the position of the aperture needs to avoid the crimp stress point. The diameter of the 15mm short nozzle is limited, and the buckle is usually distributed on the edge of the nozzle. The aperture should be set in the central area, and the distance from the buckle should not be less than 3mm to avoid deformation of the aperture due to stress transfer during the assembly of the buckle, which affects the spray stability. For example, when designing the 15mm series nozzle, Zhangjiagang XinYe Chemical Sprayer Co., Ltd will use stress simulation in the mold development stage to ensure that the aperture position is in the area with the minimum structural stress, combined with the precise positioning of its automated assembly equipment to ensure the consistency of the aperture size.
In addition, the sealing performance of the buckle structure requires that the clearance between the aperture and the pump body be controlled between 0.01-0.03mm. If the clearance is too large, it is easy to cause liquid leakage; if the clearance is too small, the aperture may be squeezed and deformed due to assembly errors. Therefore, the machining accuracy of the aperture needs to reach ±0.005mm, which relies on high-precision aluminum stamping and injection molding processes. Zhangjiagang XinYe Chemical Sprayer Co., Ltd relies on a complete production chain, from aluminum stamping to injection molding. The whole process control can meet such high-precision processing requirements and provide basic guarantees for the stability of the aperture.

3. Aperture materials and surface treatment adapted to perfume ingredients

Perfume ingredients are complex, including alcohol, essential oils, fragrances, etc. The viscosity and corrosiveness of essential oils will affect the durability and atomization effect of the aperture. Therefore, the material selection and surface treatment of the aperture need to be adapted to the perfume ingredients.
In terms of materials, the aperture of the 15mm short nozzle is usually made of stainless steel or ceramic. Stainless steel has good corrosion resistance and is suitable for perfumes with more alcohol; ceramic materials have high surface smoothness, are not easy to leave essential oil components, can reduce the risk of clogging, and are especially suitable for high-end perfumes containing natural essential oils. The smoothness of the inner wall of the aperture must be below Ra0.8μm. Too high roughness will cause turbulence in the liquid in the hole, destroying the uniformity of atomization. The aluminum oxide surface treatment process can improve the surface smoothness and corrosion resistance of the material, providing support for the long-term stable use of the aperture.
For perfumes containing silicone-based ingredients, the aperture needs to be hydrophobic (such as coating) to prevent the liquid from adhering to the hole to form a liquid film, resulting in a gradual decrease in the amount of spray. For non-alcoholic emulsion products, the aperture needs to be appropriately increased to 0.25-0.3mm, and the smoothness of the inner wall should be improved to prevent the emulsion from clogging the aperture due to high viscosity.

4. Dynamic adaptation design of the aperture combined with the use scenario

The "short" design of the 15mm short nozzle makes it suitable for portable scenarios. Users may use it in different temperature and humidity environments, so the aperture design needs to consider the impact of environmental factors on the atomization effect.
In terms of temperature adaptability, the aperture needs to reserve a margin for thermal expansion and contraction. When the ambient temperature rises from -5℃ to 40℃, the pore size of the metal material will change by 0.001-0.003mm due to thermal expansion and contraction. Therefore, the pore size at room temperature needs to be fine-tuned by 0.002mm during design. For example, when the target pore size is 0.2mm, the actual processing size can be set to 0.202mm to ensure that the effective range of 0.199-0.205mm can be maintained at extreme temperatures.
In terms of spray volume control, portable scenarios require a single spray volume between 0.05-0.1ml. Too large will cause the perfume to be consumed quickly, and too small will not achieve the ideal fragrance retention effect. The spray volume is proportional to the square of the pore size, so it needs to be precisely controlled by the pore size: the single spray volume of a 0.15mm pore size is about 0.05ml, the 0.2mm pore size is about 0.08ml, and the 0.25mm pore size is about 0.12ml. Combined with the need for portability, the 0.2mm aperture is the best choice for both spray volume and fragrance retention time.
In addition, the difference in user pressure will cause pump pressure fluctuations, and the aperture design needs to have a certain degree of anti-interference. By setting a guide groove (depth 0.05mm, width 0.1mm) at the entrance of the aperture, pressure fluctuations can be buffered to ensure that the deviation of the spray volume under different forces does not exceed 10%. In the mold development stage, the matching relationship between the guide groove and the aperture will be optimized by simulating the fluid state under different pressing forces, and the spray volume of each batch of products will be calibrated in combination with its automatic detection equipment to ensure consistency.

5. Collaborative design of aperture and other structures

The atomization effect is the result of the synergistic effect of multiple components such as the aperture and the internal flow channel of the nozzle, the pump body pressure, and the valve structure. The best effect cannot be achieved by relying on a single aperture size, and a "system design" thinking needs to be formed.
In terms of matching the flow channel with the aperture, the flow channel diameter should be 5-8 times the aperture (for example, when the aperture is 0.2mm, the flow channel diameter is 1-1.6mm) to ensure that the liquid forms a stable laminar state before entering the aperture and avoid uneven atomization caused by turbulence. At the same time, the corners of the flow channel need to adopt arc transition (radius not less than 0.5mm) to reduce the flow resistance of the liquid and control the pressure loss within 5%.
The matching of the pump body pressure and the aperture needs to be determined by step-by-step testing. The pump body pressure of a 15mm short nozzle is usually between 0.3-0.5MPa, and the aperture needs to be balanced with the pressure: 0.15mm aperture is suitable for 0.3-0.4MPa pressure, 0.2mm aperture is suitable for 0.4-0.45MPa pressure, and 0.25mm aperture is suitable for 0.45-0.5MPa pressure. Mismatch between pressure and aperture will lead to the problem of "excessive pressure will cause the droplets to be too fine and easy to volatilize, while too low pressure will cause the droplets to be too coarse and easy to drip".

6. Verification and optimization process of aperture design

To ensure that the aperture design achieves the best effect, a complete verification system needs to be established, covering laboratory testing and simulation of actual use scenarios.
Laboratory tests include: 1. Droplet size distribution test, using a laser particle size analyzer to detect the distribution range of droplet diameters. Under optimal conditions, 90% of the droplet diameters should be concentrated in the range of 10-20μm; 2. Spray angle test, the spray angle of a high-quality nozzle should be controlled at 30°-45°. Too wide will cause the spray to disperse, and too narrow will result in too small a coverage area; 3. Durability test, after pressing continuously for 1000 times, the aperture size change must be less than 0.002mm, and the spray volume attenuation rate must not exceed 5%.
Actual scenario simulation needs to take into account user habits, such as testing the spray stability at different holding angles (0°-45°) to ensure that the aperture design can still maintain uniform atomization when used non-vertically. The free proofing and sample delivery service provided by Zhangjiagang XinYe Chemical Sprayer Co., Ltd can help customers verify the aperture design effect in actual use scenarios, and quickly adjust mold parameters based on feedback, and realize the efficient implementation of the design plan through its independent mold development workshop.